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Mali’s Civil Society Mobilizes to Reform Defense Governance and Promote Accountability

In response to growing concerns over lack of transparency in the Malian defense sector, civil society organizations (CSOs) have taken a leading role in advocating for democratic oversight. Transparency International UK and its national partner CRI-2002, with support from the United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), implemented a nationwide initiative to strengthen the capacity of CSOs to engage with government and defense institutions. Through regional focus groups from March 2023 onwards, the project facilitated dialogue between CSOs, the National Transition Council (NTC), and Defense Sector representatives, as well as media representatives. The project reached 35 villages and 20 marginalized communities, including Tuareg and Arab populations in Northern Mali, promoting inclusive participation and legislative reform.

The project produced a report on . Roundtables in Tombouctou, Gao, Bamako, Ségou, and Koulikoro informed the report and focused on the theme of cooperation and engagement between CSOs, the National Council on Transition, and Defense Institutions to reform defense governance and security. Some key recommendations involve the development of a shared understanding of key concepts in defense and security and the creation of a unique space codified for civil society to have democratic control of the defense and security sectors. 

‘External Auditing of the Defence Sector in Mali: Challenges and Possibilities’ assesses the current state of external auditing in Mali, with a focus on its performance vis-à vis the defence and security sector. The report offers concrete recommendations to strengthen transparency and restore trust in public.

Dr. Abdoulaye Sall, the late President of CRI-2002 shared his perspective on the relevance of the project in this political moment of Mali’s history: “This is a project that is part of the overall dynamic of restructuring the armed forces and security services with a view to making them republican forces, respectful of the rule of law, dedicated to the security and protection of Malian citizens in a Mali undergoing a political-institutional, security, and health crisis. The rebuilding of the country will take place at the level of governance, civic citizenship and knowledge. These three areas cannot be achieved without defence and security.”

Despite challenges such as political delays and leadership transitions, the initiative succeeded in building collaboration and trust among stakeholders. The project’s activities and the impactful report lay the groundwork for long-term reform, ensuring that civilian voices remain central in shaping Mali’s defense governance. As the country continues its transition, the efforts of CSOs, and their partnerships with UN entities, could be helpful in promoting accountability, stability, and sustainable development across the nation.

Access the Transparency International publication .